Elsa Morante began writing short stories which appeared in various publications and periodicals, including periodicals for children, in the 1930s. Her first book was a collection of some of the stories, Il Gioco Segreto, published in 1941. It was followed in 1942 by a children's book, La Bellissime avventure di Caterì dalla Trecciolina (rewritten in 1959 as Le straordinarie avventure di Caterina).
She married the novelist Alberto Moravia in 1941, and through him she met many of the leading Italian thinkers and writers of the day as Pier Paolo Pasolini, Dario Bellezza, Sandro Penna, Attilio Bertolucci, Umberto Saba and many others.