Alfred Ernst Rosenberg was the head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories and a war criminal during the Nazi era. A Baltic German, he was a theorist and an influential ideologue of the Nazi Party.

Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart. He held several important posts in the Nazi government. He is considered one of the main authors of key Nazi ideological creeds, including its racial theory, persecution of the Jews, Lebensraum, abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles, and opposition to "degenerate" modern art.

He is also known for his rejection of Christianity, playing an important role in the development of Positive Christianity, which he intended to be transitional to a new Nazi faith.

At Nuremberg he was tried, sentenced to death and executed by hanging as a war criminal.